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Factor the following expression completely.

x^(4)+3x^(3)+2x^(2)-9x^(2)-27 x-18
Answer:

Factor the following expression completely.\newlinex4+3x3+2x29x227x18 x^{4}+3 x^{3}+2 x^{2}-9 x^{2}-27 x-18 \newlineAnswer:

Full solution

Q. Factor the following expression completely.\newlinex4+3x3+2x29x227x18 x^{4}+3 x^{3}+2 x^{2}-9 x^{2}-27 x-18 \newlineAnswer:
  1. Identify and group terms: Identify and group terms that can be combined in the polynomial. x4+3x3+2x29x227x18x^4 + 3x^3 + 2x^2 - 9x^2 - 27x - 18 can be rewritten by combining like terms (2x29x2)(2x^2 - 9x^2). This gives us x4+3x37x227x18x^4 + 3x^3 - 7x^2 - 27x - 18.
  2. Look for common factors: Look for common factors in all terms.\newlineThere are no common factors in all terms of the polynomial x4+3x37x227x18x^4 + 3x^3 - 7x^2 - 27x - 18.
  3. Group terms for factoring: Group terms to facilitate factoring by grouping. Group the terms as follows: (x4+3x3)+(7x227x)18(x^4 + 3x^3) + (-7x^2 - 27x) - 18.
  4. Factor by grouping: Factor by grouping.\newlineFirst group: x4+3x3x^4 + 3x^3 can be factored as x3(x+3)x^3(x + 3).\newlineSecond group: 7x227x-7x^2 - 27x can be factored as x(7x+27)-x(7x + 27).\newlineThe expression becomes x3(x+3)x(7x+27)18x^3(x + 3) - x(7x + 27) - 18.
  5. Notice common factor: Notice that the first and second groups have a common factor of x+3x + 3. Rewrite the expression to make this common factor more apparent. The expression becomes x3(x+3)9x(x+3)18x^3(x + 3) - 9x(x + 3) - 18.
  6. Factor out common factor: Factor out the common factor of x+3x + 3. The expression becomes (x+3)(x39x)18(x + 3)(x^3 - 9x) - 18.
  7. Factor further: Notice that x39xx^3 - 9x can be factored further.\newlinex39xx^3 - 9x is a difference of cubes since 9x=32×x9x = 3^2 \times x and can be written as x(x29)x(x^2 - 9).\newlineFactor x29x^2 - 9 as a difference of squares: x(x3)(x+3)x(x - 3)(x + 3).\newlineThe expression becomes (x+3)(x(x3)(x+3))18(x + 3)(x(x - 3)(x + 3)) - 18.
  8. Distribute xx inside parentheses: Distribute the xx inside the parentheses.\newlineThe expression becomes (x+3)(x2(x3)+3(x3))18(x + 3)(x^2(x - 3) + 3(x - 3)) - 18.
  9. Factor out common factor: Factor out the common factor of (x3)(x - 3) from the terms inside the parentheses.\newlineThe expression becomes (x+3)((x2+3)(x3))18(x + 3)((x^2 + 3)(x - 3)) - 18.
  10. Distribute across: Distribute the (x+3)(x + 3) across the (x2+3)(x3)(x^2 + 3)(x - 3). The expression becomes (x+3)(x2+3)(x3)18(x + 3)(x^2 + 3)(x - 3) - 18.
  11. Check for additional factor: Now, we need to see if 18-18 can be factored with the rest of the expression.\newlineSince there is no xx term with 18-18, it cannot be factored with the rest of the expression.\newlineThe final factored form of the expression is (x+3)(x2+3)(x3)18(x + 3)(x^2 + 3)(x - 3) - 18.

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