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Evaluate m1(11m)m2=\sum_{m \geq 1}\left(1-\frac{1}{m}\right)^{m^{2}}=

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Q. Evaluate m1(11m)m2=\sum_{m \geq 1}\left(1-\frac{1}{m}\right)^{m^{2}}=
  1. Analyze Series Behavior: We are asked to evaluate the infinite series m1(11m)m2\sum_{m \geq 1}\left(1-\frac{1}{m}\right)^{m^{2}}. This series is not a standard series with a known closed form, so we need to analyze its behavior as mm increases.
  2. Consider Large Terms: Let's consider the term (11m)m2(1-\frac{1}{m})^{m^{2}} as mm becomes very large. The base (11m)(1-\frac{1}{m}) approaches 11 as mm goes to infinity, and the exponent m2m^2 increases much faster than mm. This suggests that each term in the series is of the form (1something small)(1 - \text{something small}) raised to the power of (something very large)(\text{something very large}).
  3. Use Limit Definition of e: We can use the limit definition of the exponential function ee. Recall that (1+xn)n(1 + \frac{x}{n})^n approaches exe^x as nn approaches infinity. In our case, x=1x = -1, and we can rewrite our term as ((11m)m)m((1 - \frac{1}{m})^m)^m. As mm approaches infinity, (11m)m(1 - \frac{1}{m})^m approaches e1e^{-1}.
  4. Evaluate Exponential Term: However, we have an additional mm power to consider. So, our term becomes (e(1))m=e(m)(e^{(-1)})^m = e^{(-m)}. As mm becomes large, e(m)e^{(-m)} approaches 00 because the exponential function decays rapidly.
  5. Conclude Series Convergence: Since each term of the series approaches 00 as mm increases, and the terms are positive and decreasing, we can conclude that the series converges. The sum of the series is the limit of the partial sums as mm approaches infinity.
  6. Determine Sum as 00: The limit of eme^{-m} as mm approaches infinity is 00. Therefore, the sum of the series is the sum of an infinite number of terms that each approach 00. This implies that the sum of the series is 00.

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