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Jaxton tried to solve the differential equation 
(dy)/(dx)=((sec(x))/(y))^(2). This is his work:

(dy)/(dx)=((sec(x))/(y))^(2)
Step 1:

(dy)/(dx)=(sec^(2)(x))/(y^(2))
Step 2: 
quad inty^(2)dy=intsec^(2)(x)dx
Step 3: 
quad(y^(3))/(3)=tan(x)+C_(1)
Step 4: 
quady^(3)=3tan(x)+C
Step 5: 
quad y=root(3)(3tan(x)+C)
Is Jaxton's work correct? If not, what is his mistake?
Choose 1 answer:
(A) Jaxton's work is correct.
(B) Step 1 is incorrect. The separation of variables was done incorrectly.
(C) Step 3 is incorrect. Jaxton didn't integrate 
sec^(2)(x) correctly.
(D) Step 5 is incorrect. The right-hand side of the equation should be 
+-root(3)(tan(x)+C).

Jaxton tried to solve the differential equation dydx=(sec(x)y)2 \frac{d y}{d x}=\left(\frac{\sec (x)}{y}\right)^{2} . This is his work:\newlinedydx=(sec(x)y)2 \frac{d y}{d x}=\left(\frac{\sec (x)}{y}\right)^{2} \newlineStep 11: dydx=sec2(x)y2\quad \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{\sec ^{2}(x)}{y^{2}} \newlineStep 22: y2dy=sec2(x)dx \quad \int y^{2} d y=\int \sec ^{2}(x) d x \newlineStep 33: y33=tan(x)+C1 \quad \frac{y^{3}}{3}=\tan (x)+C_{1} \newlineStep 44: y3=3tan(x)+C \quad y^{3}=3 \tan (x)+C \newlineStep 55: y=3tan(x)+C3 \quad y=\sqrt[3]{3 \tan (x)+C} \newlineIs Jaxton's work correct? If not, what is his mistake?\newlineChoose 11 answer:\newline(A) Jaxton's work is correct.\newline(B) Step 11 is incorrect. The separation of variables was done incorrectly.\newline(C) Step 33 is incorrect. Jaxton didn't integrate sec2(x) \sec ^{2}(x) correctly.\newline(D) Step 55 is incorrect. The right-hand side of the equation should be ±tan(x)+C3 \pm \sqrt[3]{\tan (x)+C} .

Full solution

Q. Jaxton tried to solve the differential equation dydx=(sec(x)y)2 \frac{d y}{d x}=\left(\frac{\sec (x)}{y}\right)^{2} . This is his work:\newlinedydx=(sec(x)y)2 \frac{d y}{d x}=\left(\frac{\sec (x)}{y}\right)^{2} \newlineStep 11: dydx=sec2(x)y2\quad \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{\sec ^{2}(x)}{y^{2}} \newlineStep 22: y2dy=sec2(x)dx \quad \int y^{2} d y=\int \sec ^{2}(x) d x \newlineStep 33: y33=tan(x)+C1 \quad \frac{y^{3}}{3}=\tan (x)+C_{1} \newlineStep 44: y3=3tan(x)+C \quad y^{3}=3 \tan (x)+C \newlineStep 55: y=3tan(x)+C3 \quad y=\sqrt[3]{3 \tan (x)+C} \newlineIs Jaxton's work correct? If not, what is his mistake?\newlineChoose 11 answer:\newline(A) Jaxton's work is correct.\newline(B) Step 11 is incorrect. The separation of variables was done incorrectly.\newline(C) Step 33 is incorrect. Jaxton didn't integrate sec2(x) \sec ^{2}(x) correctly.\newline(D) Step 55 is incorrect. The right-hand side of the equation should be ±tan(x)+C3 \pm \sqrt[3]{\tan (x)+C} .
  1. Restating the Problem: Jaxton starts by rewriting the differential equation as follows:\newline(dydx)=(sec(x)y)2(\frac{dy}{dx}) = (\frac{\sec(x)}{y})^{2}\newlineThis step is just a restatement of the problem and does not involve any mathematical operations.
  2. Separating Variables: Jaxton attempts to separate variables by moving all yy terms to one side and all xx terms to the other side:\newlinedydx=sec2(x)y2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\sec^{2}(x)}{y^{2}}\newlineTo separate variables, he should multiply both sides by y2dyy^2 dy and dxdx respectively:\newliney2dy=sec2(x)dxy^2 dy = \sec^2(x) dx\newlineThis is the correct method for separating variables in a differential equation.
  3. Integrating Both Sides: Jaxton integrates both sides of the equation:\newliney2dy=sec2(x)dx\int y^2 \, dy = \int \sec^2(x) \, dx\newlineThe integral of y2y^2 with respect to yy is y33+C1\frac{y^3}{3} + C_1, where C1C_1 is the constant of integration.\newlineThe integral of sec2(x)\sec^2(x) with respect to xx is tan(x)+C2\tan(x) + C_2, where C2C_2 is another constant of integration.\newlineJaxton's integration on the left side is correct, but he only writes one constant of integration on the right side. He should have two constants, one for each side of the equation, which can be combined into a single constant later.
  4. Writing Integrated Equation: Jaxton writes the integrated equation as:\newline(y3)/3=tan(x)+C1(y^3)/3 = \tan(x) + C_1\newlineHe should have written:\newline(y3)/3=tan(x)+C2(y^3)/3 = \tan(x) + C_2\newlineThen, he can combine the constants C1C_1 and C2C_2 into a single constant CC:\newline(y3)/3=tan(x)+C(y^3)/3 = \tan(x) + C\newlineThis step is correct, but he should acknowledge that CC represents the combination of two constants of integration.
  5. Solving for y: Jaxton solves for y by taking the cube root of both sides:\newliney=3tan(x)+C3y = \sqrt[3]{3\tan(x) + C}\newlineThis is incorrect because he multiplied the constant CC by 33 when taking the cube root. The correct step should be:\newliney=±tan(x)+C3y = \pm\sqrt[3]{\tan(x) + C}\newlineThis is because when you take the cube root of a sum, you cannot distribute the cube root across the sum. Also, the cube root function allows for both positive and negative results, hence the ±\pm sign.

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