Identify Limit: Identify the limit that needs to be evaluated. We need to find the limit of the function 2cos(θ)−1cos(2θ) as θ approaches 4π.
Check Direct Substitution: Substitute the value of θ into the function to check for direct substitution.If we substitute θ=4π into the function, we get 2×cos(4π)−1cos(2×4π), which simplifies to 2×(22)−1cos(2π). Since cos(2π)=0, the numerator becomes 0. However, the denominator also becomes (1−1)=0, which means we have an indeterminate form 00. Therefore, direct substitution does not work.
Simplify Expression: Simplify the expression and try to eliminate the indeterminate form.We can use trigonometric identities to simplify the expression. The double angle formula for cosine is cos(2θ)=cos2(θ)−sin2(θ), which can also be written as cos(2θ)=2cos2(θ)−1 since sin2(θ)=1−cos2(θ).
Apply Double Angle Identity: Apply the double angle identity to the numerator.Using the identity from Step 3, we can rewrite the numerator as 2cos2(θ)−1. So the function becomes (2cos2(θ)−1)/(2cos(θ)−1).
Factor Numerator: Factor the numerator and look for common factors.The numerator 2cos2(θ)−1 can be factored as 2(cos2(θ)−21). We recognize that cos2(θ)−21 is the same as cos2(θ)−(22)2, which is a difference of squares and can be factored further.
Factor Difference of Squares: Factor the difference of squares in the numerator.We can write cos2(θ)−(2/2)2 as (cos(θ)−2/2)(cos(θ)+2/2). Now the function is (2(cos(θ)−2/2)(cos(θ)+2/2))/(2cos(θ)−1).
Cancel Common Factor: Cancel out the common factor.We notice that (cos(θ)−22) is a common factor in both the numerator and the denominator. We can cancel this factor out, leaving us with 22(cos(θ)+22).
Substitute and Simplify: Substitute θ=4π into the simplified function.Now that we have simplified the function, we can substitute θ=4π again. This gives us 22(cos(4π)+22). Since cos(4π)=22, the expression simplifies to 22(22+22).
Final Answer: Simplify the expression.The expression simplifies to (2(22/2))/(2), which is (22)/(2). The 2 in the numerator and denominator cancel each other out, leaving us with the final answer of 2.
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