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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) Commuting a long distance more often is associated with waking up early more often. $\newline$ (B) Doing chores on a farm more often is associated with waking up early more often. $\newline$ (C) Wearing a school uniform more often is associated with waking up early more often.

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Correlation and causation

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Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) Commuting a long distance more often is associated with waking up early more often.

\newline

(B) Doing chores on a farm more often is associated with waking up early more often.

\newline

(C) Wearing a school uniform more often is associated with waking up early more often.

Analyze Relationship of Option (A): Analyze the relationship of option (A): Does commuting a long distance cause one to wake up early? It's possible that waking up early is a result of the need to commute a long distance, but it could also be due to other factors such as personal habits or work schedules. Therefore, the causation is not clear.
Analyze Relationship of Option (B): Analyze the relationship of option (B): Does doing chores on a farm cause one to wake up early? It is likely that farm chores need to be done early in the morning, which would cause someone to wake up early. This suggests a causation rather than just a correlation.
Analyze Relationship of Option (C): Analyze the relationship of option (C): Does wearing a school uniform cause one to wake up early? Wearing a school uniform is likely a result of school policy and does not cause one to wake up early. The time one wakes up is more likely determined by the school start time rather than the act of wearing a uniform.
Select Correlation Not Causation: Select the option that most likely reflects correlation but not causation. Based on the analysis, option (A) and option (C) could both be candidates. However, option $(C)$ is more likely to be purely correlational because the act of wearing a uniform is not a behavior that would influence wake-up times, whereas commuting could have a direct impact on the need to wake up early.

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