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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects both correlation and causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) Eating plain yogurt more often is associated with better digestive health. $\newline$ (B) Eating apples more often is associated with drinking water more often. $\newline$ (C) Eating carrots more often is associated with drinking more carrot juice.

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Correlation and causation

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Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects both correlation and causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) Eating plain yogurt more often is associated with better digestive health.

\newline

(B) Eating apples more often is associated with drinking water more often.

\newline

(C) Eating carrots more often is associated with drinking more carrot juice.

Analyze Relationship of Option A: Analyze the relationship of the first option (A): Does eating plain yogurt cause better digestive health? There is a plausible biological mechanism where probiotics in yogurt can improve gut flora, which is associated with better digestive health. This suggests a potential causative relationship.
Analyze Relationship of Option B: Analyze the relationship of the second option ( $B$ ): Does eating apples cause an increase in water consumption? While there might be a correlation, it is less clear how the act of eating apples would cause someone to drink more water. This relationship seems more coincidental than causative.
Analyze Relationship of Option C: Analyze the relationship of the third option ( $C$ ): Does eating carrots cause an increase in carrot juice consumption? This relationship seems to be more of a direct correlation, as those who eat carrots may be more likely to also consume carrot juice. However, it is not clear if eating carrots causes one to drink more carrot juice, or if a preference for carrots leads to both eating carrots and drinking carrot juice.
Select Likely Option: Select the option that most likely reflects both correlation and causation. Based on the analysis, option (A) 'Eating plain yogurt more often is associated with better digestive health' is the most likely to reflect both correlation and causation because of the known health benefits of probiotics found in yogurt for digestive health.

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