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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) Drinking soda more often is associated with recycling more bottles and cans. $\newline$ (B) Drinking soda more often is associated with having more cavities. $\newline$ (C) Drinking soda more often is associated with eating pizza more often.

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Correlation and causation

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Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) Drinking soda more often is associated with recycling more bottles and cans.

\newline

(B) Drinking soda more often is associated with having more cavities.

\newline

(C) Drinking soda more often is associated with eating pizza more often.

Analyze Relationship of Option (A): Analyze the relationship of option (A): Does drinking soda cause more recycling of bottles and cans? While there is a correlation between drinking soda and recycling more bottles and cans, the act of recycling is a choice and not directly caused by the consumption of soda. It is possible that people who drink more soda simply have more bottles and cans to recycle, but this does not imply causation.
Analyze Relationship of Option (B): Analyze the relationship of option (B): Does drinking soda cause more cavities? There is a well-established link between the consumption of sugary drinks and dental health issues, including cavities. Therefore, this relationship could imply causation, as the sugar in soda can lead to tooth decay.
Analyze Relationship of Option (C): Analyze the relationship of option (C): Does drinking soda cause people to eat pizza more often? While there may be a correlation between drinking soda and eating pizza, as they are often consumed together, this does not necessarily imply that one causes the other. It could be that they are both popular choices at social gatherings or that people who enjoy one are likely to enjoy the other, but this does not establish a causal relationship.
Select Likely Correlation: Select the option that most likely reflects correlation but not causation. Based on the analysis, option $(C)$ 'Drinking soda more often is associated with eating pizza more often' is the most likely to reflect correlation without implying causation.

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