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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) Pruning more fruit trees is associated with owning more varieties of fruit trees. $\newline$ (B) Pruning more fruit trees is associated with having tired arms more often. $\newline$ (C) Pruning more fruit trees is associated with using garden shears more often.

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Correlation and causation

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Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) Pruning more fruit trees is associated with owning more varieties of fruit trees.

\newline

(B) Pruning more fruit trees is associated with having tired arms more often.

\newline

(C) Pruning more fruit trees is associated with using garden shears more often.

Analyze Relationship of Option (A): Analyze the relationship of option (A): Does pruning more fruit trees cause one to own more varieties of fruit trees? The answer is likely No, as owning more varieties of fruit trees is not caused by the act of pruning; rather, it is a choice that could be independent of the pruning activity.
Analyze Relationship of Option (B): Analyze the relationship of option (B): Does pruning more fruit trees cause having tired arms more often? While there is a correlation between the physical activity of pruning and experiencing tired arms, this does not necessarily imply causation in a strict sense, as tired arms could be caused by various other activities or conditions.
Analyze Relationship of Option (C): Analyze the relationship of option (C): Does pruning more fruit trees cause using garden shears more often? The answer is Yes, as the use of garden shears is directly related to the activity of pruning fruit trees. This reflects both correlation and causation.
Select Likely Correlation Not Causation: Finally, select the option that most likely reflects correlation but not causation. The answer is 'Pruning more fruit trees is associated with owning more varieties of fruit trees.' as the ownership of different varieties of fruit trees is not caused by the act of pruning itself.

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