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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) More time spent at a computer is associated with more time spent on the phone. $\newline$ (B) More time spent at school is associated with more time spent reading. $\newline$ (C) More time spent in a library is associated with more time spent being quiet.

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Correlation and causation

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Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) More time spent at a computer is associated with more time spent on the phone.

\newline

(B) More time spent at school is associated with more time spent reading.

\newline

(C) More time spent in a library is associated with more time spent being quiet.

Analyze Relationship of Option (A): Analyze the relationship of option (A): Does spending more time at a computer cause more time spent on the phone? It's possible that someone who works with computers may also use the phone frequently for work, but one does not necessarily cause the other. They could both be related to a third factor, such as the nature of a person's job.
Analyze Relationship of Option (B): Analyze the relationship of option (B): Does spending more time at school cause more time spent reading? While it's likely that students read more because they are at school, this could also be a causation relationship, as school often requires reading as part of the curriculum.
Analyze Relationship of Option (C): Analyze the relationship of option (C): Does spending more time in a library cause more time spent being quiet? Libraries have rules about being quiet, so this could be a causation relationship, as the environment of the library itself enforces quietness.
Select Best Correlation: Finally, select the option that most likely reflects correlation but not causation. The best choice is (A) More time spent at a computer is associated with more time spent on the phone, as the two activities could be correlated due to a third factor like job requirements, but one does not necessarily cause the other.

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