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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) For a flight attendant, spending more time on airplanes is associated with wearing a uniform more often. $\newline$ (B) For a traveler, going on a longer trip is associated with taking more luggage. $\newline$ (C) For a pilot, having more passengers is associated with crossing more time zones.

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Correlation and causation

Full solution

Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) For a flight attendant, spending more time on airplanes is associated with wearing a uniform more often.

\newline

(B) For a traveler, going on a longer trip is associated with taking more luggage.

\newline

(C) For a pilot, having more passengers is associated with crossing more time zones.

Analyze Relationship: Analyze the relationship of option (A): Does spending more time on airplanes as a flight attendant cause the wearing of a uniform? The answer is No, the wearing of a uniform is a requirement of the job, not caused by the time spent on airplanes. However, there is a correlation because flight attendants wear uniforms when they are working on airplanes.
Analyze Relationship: Analyze the relationship of option (B): Does going on a longer trip cause a traveler to take more luggage? The answer could be Yes, as the duration of a trip might necessitate more items, which would lead to taking more luggage. This suggests a possible causation, not just correlation.
Analyze Relationship: Analyze the relationship of option (C): Does having more passengers cause a pilot to cross more time zones? The answer is No, the number of passengers is not a cause for crossing time zones. The flight path, which is determined by the destination, causes the crossing of time zones. However, there is a correlation because flights with more passengers might be long-haul flights that cross more time zones.
Select Option: Finally, select the option that most likely reflects correlation but not causation. The answer is 'For a flight attendant, spending more time on airplanes is associated with wearing a uniform more often.' as the requirement to wear a uniform is correlated with the job, not caused by the time spent on airplanes.

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