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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) More time spent at school is associated with more time spent reading. $\newline$ (B) More time spent in a library is associated with more time spent being quiet. $\newline$ (C) More time spent at a computer is associated with more time spent on the phone.

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Correlation and causation

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Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) More time spent at school is associated with more time spent reading.

\newline

(B) More time spent in a library is associated with more time spent being quiet.

\newline

(C) More time spent at a computer is associated with more time spent on the phone.

Analyze Relationship: Analyze the relationship of option (A): Does spending more time at school directly cause more time spent reading? While there may be a correlation between time spent at school and time spent reading, it is not necessarily a causal relationship. Students could be spending time at school for various activities, not just reading.
Analyze Relationship: Analyze the relationship of option (B): Does spending more time in a library directly cause more time spent being quiet? While there is a strong correlation due to the rules and social norms of being quiet in a library, it is not a direct cause. Being in a library doesn't cause one to be quiet; rather, it's the social expectation and environment that encourages quiet behavior.
Analyze Relationship: Analyze the relationship of option (C): Does spending more time at a computer directly cause more time spent on the phone? There is a correlation between the two because someone who uses technology frequently may use both a computer and a phone often. However, using a computer does not cause someone to use the phone. They are independent activities that can occur simultaneously or separately.
Select Option: Select the option that most likely reflects correlation but not causation. Based on the analysis, option (C) 'More time spent at a computer is associated with more time spent on the phone' is the most likely to reflect correlation without causation.

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