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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) When the weather is snowy, people buy holiday gifts more often. $\newline$ (B) When the weather is rainy, people carry umbrellas more often. $\newline$ (C) When the weather is sunny, people wear sunglasses more often.

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Correlation and causation

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Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) When the weather is snowy, people buy holiday gifts more often.

\newline

(B) When the weather is rainy, people carry umbrellas more often.

\newline

(C) When the weather is sunny, people wear sunglasses more often.

Analyze Relationship Option (A): Analyze the relationship of option (A): Does snowy weather cause people to buy holiday gifts? The answer is not necessarily, as the correlation could be due to a third factor, such as the time of year (winter season) which is associated with both snowy weather and holiday shopping.
Analyze Relationship Option (B): Analyze the relationship of option (B): Does rainy weather cause people to carry umbrellas? While there is a strong correlation, it is also likely that there is causation, as the need to stay dry in the rain directly causes people to carry umbrellas.
Analyze Relationship Option (C): Analyze the relationship of option (C): Does sunny weather cause people to wear sunglasses? Similar to option (B), there is a strong correlation and it is also likely that there is causation, as the need to protect eyes from the sun's brightness directly causes people to wear sunglasses.
Select Likely Correlation: Finally, select the option that most likely reflects correlation but not causation. The answer is 'When the weather is snowy, people buy holiday gifts more often.' (A), as the correlation is likely due to a third factor (time of year) rather than direct causation.

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