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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) When the weather is sunny, people wear sunglasses more often. $\newline$ (B) When the weather is rainy, people carry umbrellas more often. $\newline$ (C) When the weather is snowy, people buy holiday gifts more often.

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Correlation and causation

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Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) When the weather is sunny, people wear sunglasses more often.

\newline

(B) When the weather is rainy, people carry umbrellas more often.

\newline

(C) When the weather is snowy, people buy holiday gifts more often.

Analyze Relationship: Sunny Weather & Sunglasses: Analyze the relationship of option (A): Does sunny weather cause people to wear sunglasses? While there is a correlation between sunny weather and wearing sunglasses, it's possible that the causation is not direct. People wear sunglasses to protect their eyes from the sun, but the weather itself does not cause people to wear sunglasses; rather, it's the presence of bright light. It's a response to the environment, not a direct causation.
Analyze Relationship: Rainy Weather & Umbrellas: Analyze the relationship of option (B): Does rainy weather cause people to carry umbrellas? There is a correlation between rainy weather and carrying umbrellas, and in this case, there is a direct causation. Rainy weather causes people to carry umbrellas to stay dry.
Analyze Relationship: Snowy Weather & Holiday Gifts: Analyze the relationship of option (C): Does snowy weather cause people to buy holiday gifts? There is a correlation between snowy weather and buying holiday gifts, especially because snowy weather is associated with the winter season, which includes holidays like Christmas. However, the act of buying holiday gifts is not directly caused by the snow; it's more related to the time of the year and cultural practices.
Select Correlation vs. Causation: Select the option that most likely reflects correlation but not causation. Based on the analysis, option $(C)$ is the most likely to reflect correlation without direct causation. Snowy weather correlates with the holiday season when people buy gifts, but it does not cause people to buy gifts.

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