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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects both correlation and causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) When nail technicians give more manicures, they give more pedicures. $\newline$ (B) When hairdressers give more haircuts, they sweep up more hair. $\newline$ (C) When barbers shampoo more hair, they trim more beards.

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Correlation and causation

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Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects both correlation and causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) When nail technicians give more manicures, they give more pedicures.

\newline

(B) When hairdressers give more haircuts, they sweep up more hair.

\newline

(C) When barbers shampoo more hair, they trim more beards.

Analyzing Relationship A: Analyze the relationship of the first option (A): Does giving more manicures cause nail technicians to give more pedicures? The answer could be Yes, as it is possible that a nail salon offers packages or deals where customers who get a manicure also get a pedicure. However, the act of giving a manicure does not inherently cause the act of giving a pedicure; they are separate services that could be correlated due to business practices rather than direct causation.
Analyzing Relationship B: Analyze the relationship of the second option (B): Does giving more haircuts cause hairdressers to sweep up more hair? The answer is Yes, as the direct result of cutting hair is that there will be more hair to sweep up. This is a clear case where the cause (giving haircuts) has a direct effect (more hair to sweep up).
Analyzing Relationship C: Analyze the relationship of the third option (C): Does shampooing more hair cause barbers to trim more beards? The answer is No, as shampooing hair and trimming beards are independent services. A barber could shampoo many clients' hair without necessarily trimming a beard, and vice versa. The correlation could exist due to the volume of business but not due to direct causation.
Selecting Likely Option: Finally, select the option that most likely reflects both correlation and causation. Based on the analysis, the answer is 'When hairdressers give more haircuts, they sweep up more hair.' as giving more haircuts directly causes an increase in the amount of hair that needs to be swept up.

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