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Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) Golfing more often is associated with watching golf on TV more often. $\newline$ (B) Golfing more often is associated with swinging a golf club more often. $\newline$ (C) Golfing more often is associated with riding in a golf cart more often.

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Correlation and causation

Full solution

Q. Each of these relationships reflects a correlation. Which relationship most likely reflects correlation but not causation?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) Golfing more often is associated with watching golf on TV more often.

\newline

(B) Golfing more often is associated with swinging a golf club more often.

\newline

(C) Golfing more often is associated with riding in a golf cart more often.

Analyze Relationship of Option (A): Analyze the relationship of option (A): Does golfing more often cause someone to watch golf on TV more often? While there may be a correlation between golfing more often and watching golf on TV, it is not necessarily true that one causes the other. People who enjoy golfing might also enjoy watching it on TV, but watching golf on TV does not cause one to golf more, and vice versa.
Analyze Relationship of Option (B): Analyze the relationship of option (B): Does golfing more often cause someone to swing a golf club more often? This relationship is likely to reflect both correlation and causation because swinging a golf club is an integral part of golfing. Therefore, the more someone golfs, the more they will swing a golf club by necessity.
Analyze Relationship of Option (C): Analyze the relationship of option (C): Does golfing more often cause someone to ride in a golf cart more often? While there is a correlation between golfing more often and riding in a golf cart, it is not necessarily true that one causes the other. Riding in a golf cart is a choice and may be related to the size of the golf course or the preference of the golfer, rather than a direct result of the frequency of golfing.
Select Likely Correlation: Finally, select the option that most likely reflects correlation but not causation. The answer is (A) Golfing more often is associated with watching golf on TV more often. This is because the act of golfing does not cause one to watch golf on TV, even though those who golf more may have a higher interest in watching golf-related content.

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