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In an experiment, the probability that event $A$ occurs is $\frac{2}{5}$ , the probability that event $B$ occurs is $\frac{5}{8}$ , and the probability that events $A$ and $B$ both occur is $\frac{1}{8}$ . $\newline$ Are $A$ and $B$ independent events? $\newline$ Choices: $\newline$ (A) yes $\newline$ (B) no

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Identify independent events

Full solution

Q. In an experiment, the probability that event

A

occurs is

\frac{2}{5}

, the probability that event

B

occurs is

\frac{5}{8}

, and the probability that events

A

and

B

both occur is

\frac{1}{8}

.

\newline

Are

A

and

B

independent events?

\newline

Choices:

\newline

(A) yes

\newline

(B) no

Check Independence Criteria: To check if events $A$ and $B$ are independent, we need to see if the probability of $A$ and $B$ occurring together ( $P(A \text{ and } B)$ ) is equal to the product of their individual probabilities ( $P(A) \times P(B)$ ).
Calculate Product of Probabilities: First, calculate the product of $P(A)$ and $P(B)$ . $\newline$ $P(A) \times P(B) = \left(\frac{2}{5}\right) \times \left(\frac{5}{8}\right)$
Perform Multiplication: Perform the multiplication. $(\frac{2}{5}) \times (\frac{5}{8}) = \frac{10}{40}$
Simplify Fraction: Simplify the fraction. $\frac{10}{40} = \frac{1}{4}$
Compare $P(A \text{ and } B)$ with $P(A) \times P(B)$ : Now, compare $P(A \text{ and } B)$ with $P(A) \times P(B)$ . $P(A \text{ and } B) = \frac{1}{8}$ $P(A) \times P(B) = \frac{1}{4}$
Conclusion: Since $P(A \text{ and } B)$ is not equal to $P(A) \times P(B)$ , events $A$ and $B$ are not independent.

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