Analyze Series Behavior: We are given the infinite series ∑k=1∞(1−cos(k31)). To find the sum of this series, we need to understand the behavior of the series as k approaches infinity. The term (1−cos(k31)) approaches 0 as k increases because the cosine of a very small number approaches 1. This suggests that the series might be convergent, but we need to analyze it further to be sure.
Use Comparison Test: To analyze the convergence of the series, we can use the comparison test. We compare our series with a known convergent series. Since 1−cos(x) is approximately 2x2 for small x, we can compare our series to the series ∑k=1∞(2k61), which is a p-series with p=6. A p-series is convergent if p > 1, so our comparison series is convergent.
Show Inequality Holds: We need to show that for all k, (1−cos(k31))≤(2k61). This is true for large k because the second-order Taylor expansion of cos(x) around 0 is 1−2x2+O(x4), and the term O(x4) becomes negligible for large k. Therefore, our series is less than or equal to a convergent series term by term for large k.
Conclude Convergence: Since our series is less than a convergent series, by the comparison test, our series is also convergent. However, finding the exact sum of the series is not straightforward because the cosine function does not have a simple sum when taken over an infinite series like this one. We can conclude that the series converges, but we cannot find a closed-form for the sum.
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