Recognize Problem: Recognize that the problem is asking for the evaluation of a definite integral of the function arctan(ex) from x=0 to x=∞.
Set Up Integral: Set up the integral for the given function. The integral we need to evaluate is ∫0∞arctan(ex)dx.
Behavior Analysis: Consider the behavior of the function as x approaches infinity. As x approaches infinity, ex also approaches infinity, and arctan(ex) approaches 2π because arctan(∞)=2π.
Evaluate at Limits: Consider the behavior of the function as x approaches 0. As x approaches 0, ex approaches 1, and arctan(ex) approaches arctan(1) which is π/4 because arctan(1)=π/4.
No Elementary Antiderivative: Evaluate the integral using the limits of integration.The integral of arctan(ex) from 0 to ∞ is the limit as t approaches ∞ of the integral of arctan(ex) from 0 to t minus the integral from 0 to 0, which is 0.So, we need to evaluate the limit as t approaches ∞ of 03.
Use Improper Integral: Realize that the integral does not have an elementary antiderivative. The function arctan(ex) does not have an elementary antiderivative, so we cannot evaluate the integral using basic integration techniques.
Apply Limits: Use improper integral evaluation techniques.Since we cannot find an antiderivative, we must evaluate the integral as an improper integral by taking the limit as t approaches infinity of the integral from 0 to t of arctan(ex) dx.
Realization of Limitation: Attempt to apply limits to evaluate the improper integral.We need to find the limit as t approaches ∞ of the integral from 0 to t of arctan(ex) dx. However, without an antiderivative, we cannot directly evaluate this limit.
Realization of Limitation: Attempt to apply limits to evaluate the improper integral.We need to find the limit as t approaches infinity of the integral from 0 to t of arctan(ex) dx. However, without an antiderivative, we cannot directly evaluate this limit.Realize that the problem cannot be solved using standard calculus techniques.Without an antiderivative or a known convergence theorem that applies, we cannot evaluate the integral from 0 to infinity of arctan(ex) dx using the information given.
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